Basic SQL Commands Every Developer Should Know
The SQL or Structured Query Language (structured query language) is used to manage data in a relational database system (RDBMS). In this article, you will learn about frequently used SQL commands that every developer should know. This material is ideal for those who want to refresh their knowledge of SQL before a job interview. We will be using MySQL or MariaDB syntax in this article. But most of the commands are patform-independent and will work on SQL Server, PostgreSQL, SQLite, OracleDB and others.
How to Set Programmatic Breakpoint in JavaScript
Modern browsers hav vast debugging capabilities. They include variable watching, code un-minifying, regular and conditional JavaScript code breakpoints. If you want to set a breakpoint to code, you need to open browser debugging console, find the subject code line and then just press the button "Place breakpoint"
But what if you want to place breakpoint in code when you actually write the code? This is much easier when you write your own code, no need to locate the code line twice (in editor and in debugger), it is persistent and more clean.
So, to place progammatic breakpoint in your JavaScript code, just use the debugger instruction:
debugger;
If the JavaScript debugger is active (i.e. developer window is open), the browser will stop on this code line.
You can even place conditional breakpoints:
if (x==5) breakpoint;
The mentioned breakpoint will stop the debugger only if x can be equalized to 5.
JavaScript Variables Scope
In JavaScript there are two types of variables scope:
- Local scope
- Global scope
Scope determines the accessibility (visibility) of these variables.
Global variables can be accessed from any function.
The example of variable created in global scope:
var userName = "Alice";
// code can use userName function myFunction1() { // code here can also use userName } function myFunction2() { // code here can also use userName function myFunction3() { // code here can also use the same userName } }
Local variables can only be accessed from the function they are declared.
// code here can NOT see userName function myFunction() { var userName = "Bob"; // code here CAN see and use userName }
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How to fix PHP upload file inherit permissions error using Windows IIS Server
If you’re like me, and you use Windows IIS, you’ve spent hours trying to figure out why your uploaded file won’t inherit the permissions needed to display correctly. Luckily, the answer is extremely easy and something most people would have never thought of.
The problem only happens when you use PHP to upload a file. When you upload a file, PHP sends the file to a temporary directory on the hard drive (for me it is C:\Windows\Temp) and then copies it over to it’s intended directory. Once the file has landed in the temporary directory, it is assigned the permissions of that directory. The problem is when Windows copies that file, it keeps the temporary directory’s permissions and doesn’t inherit your web directory’s permissions.
Read more: How to fix PHP upload file inherit permissions error using Windows IIS Server
How to unpack .tar.gz archive in Linux
.tar.gz archives are widely used in a GNU/Linux world because of love of the community to the patent freedom and open source formats. Usually, Linux distributions utilize tar.gz format for source code compression. When you begin familiarizing yourself with the Linux world, you quickly realize you need to know how to extract .tar.gz files in Linux. Actually, tar.gz archives are a a combination of two technologies chained one after another. First, all the files are merged in what is called a Tarball - just a single file plus file names information. Then, the Tarball is compressed with the use of gzip compression algorithm.
So, how to actually extract the .tar.gz archive?
tar -xvf www1
.tar.gz -C /var/www/website/
The above command will eventually extract the file www1.tar.gz residing in current directory to the folder /var/www/website/
Let's look at the details of this command:
x command means we want to extract the archive
v switch tells tar to verbosely output file names
f means we need to specify archive name (othewise tar will look into standard input)
As a bonus, you can extract .tar files or even .tar.bz2 files using the same command! Just specify the correct archive name and extension.
Now, you have mastered extracting tar.gz files. Good luck!
How to import large .sql file in MS SQL Server
Sometimes you need to import large database into MS SQL Server, but when you use Microsoft SQL Server Management Studio, it doesn't do the job right, but shows the message "Insufficient memory". Or maybe you need to do a batch import of sql script to database instead of doing the import by hand. Here comes in handy the sqlcmd command line tool. It can import large .sql files, can be run from a batch script, installer, etc.
How to use sqlcmd command-line tool to import large .sql file?
Open a command prompt window.
In the Command Prompt window, type: sqlcmd -S yourServer\instanceName -i C:\yourScript.sql
Press ENTER.
The progress of operation is written to the command prompt window.
Source: Microsoft
How do I make a JSON object with multiple arrays?
{
"cars": {
"Nissan": [
{"model":"Sentra", "doors":4},
{"model":"Maxima", "doors":4}
],
"Ford": [
{"model":"Taurus", "doors":4},
{"model":"Escort", "doors":4}
]
}
Arrays in JSON
Example
[ "Ford", "BMW", "Fiat" ]
Arrays in JSON are almost the same as arrays in JavaScript.
In JSON, array values must be of type string, number, object, array, boolean or null.
In JavaScript, array values can be all of the above, plus any other valid JavaScript expression, including functions, dates, and undefined.
Arrays can be values of an object property:
Example
{
"name":"John",
"age":30,
"cars":[ "Ford", "BMW", "Fiat" ]
}
The objects returned from most Server APIs are highly nested:
{"id": "0001",
"type": "donut",
"name": "Cake",
"ppu": 0.55,
"batters":
{
"batter":
[
{ "id": "1001", "type": "Regular" },
{ "id": "1002", "type": "Chocolate" },
{ "id": "1003", "type": "Blueberry" },
{ "id": "1004", "type": "Dog's Food" }
]
},
"topping":
[
{ "id": "5001", "type": "None" },
{ "id": "5002", "type": "Glazed" },
{ "id": "5005", "type": "Sugar" },
{ "id": "5007", "type": "Powdered Sugar" },
{ "id": "5006", "type": "Chocolate with Sprinkles" },
{ "id": "5003", "type": "Chocolate" },
{ "id": "5004", "type": "Maple" }
]
}
Sourceы: https://www.w3schools.com/js/js_json_arrays.asp https://adobe.github.io/Spry/samples/data_region/JSONDataSetSample.html
Introduction to JSON
JSON is a text format that facilitates structured data interchange between all programming languages. JSON
is syntax of braces, brackets, colons, and commas that is useful in many contexts, profiles, and applications.
JSON was inspired by the object literals of JavaScript aka ECMAScript as defined in the ECMAScript
Language Specification, third Edition [1]. It does not attempt to impose ECMAScript’s internal data
representations on other programming languages. Instead, it shares a small subset of ECMAScript’s textual
representations with all other programming languages.
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